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关于事务超时
更新时间：2026-06-26 13:50:34
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OceanBase 为了避免事务长时间不提交持有锁影响其他会话，设计了两个超时逻辑。一个是事务空闲超时，一个是事务未提交超时。
背景信息
OceanBase 设计的事务空闲超时和事务未提交超时，分别由变量 ob_trx_idle_timeout 和 ob_trx_timeout 控制，默认值分别是 120 秒和 100 秒。通常只会有一个超时机制会先被触发。
可以通过以下命令查看当前参数配置：
obclient> SHOW variables WHERE variable_name IN ('ob_trx_idle_timeout','ob_trx_timeout');
+---------------------+-----------+
| VARIABLE_NAME | VALUE |
+---------------------+-----------+
| ob_trx_idle_timeout | 120000000 |
| ob_trx_timeout | 100000000 |
+---------------------+-----------+
2 rows in set
事务空闲超时
OceanBase 的事务空闲时间表示超过一定时间没有执行语句或者没有执行提交，需要通过 ROLLBACK 回滚事务后，才能继续操作。
会话事务空闲超时时间阈值由变量 ob_trx_idle_timeout 控制。
示例 1： 先设置事务空闲超时时间为 120 秒，事务未提交超时时间为 1000 秒。当事务空闲时间超过 120 秒后，会话锁定，需要先通过 ROLLBACK 回滚事务，才能继续操作。
obclient> DROP TABLE IF EXISTS t_insert;
Query OK, 0 rows affected
obclient> CREATE TABLE t_insert(
id bigint NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY auto_increment
, name varchar(10) NOT NULL
, value bigint
,gmt_create timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT current_timestamp
);
Query OK, 0 rows affected
obclient> INSERT INTO t_insert(name, value) VALUES('CN',NULL),('UK',NULL),('US',NULL);
Query OK, 3 rows affected
Records: 3 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0
obclient> SELECT now(), t.* FROM t_insert t;
+---------------------+----+------+-------+---------------------+
| now() | id | name | value | gmt_create |
+---------------------+----+------+-------+---------------------+
| 1970-01-01 16:54:51 | 1 | CN | NULL | 1970-01-01 16:54:49 |
| 1970-01-01 16:54:51 | 2 | UK | NULL | 1970-01-01 16:54:49 |
| 1970-01-01 16:54:51 | 3 | US | NULL | 1970-01-01 16:54:49 |
+---------------------+----+------+-------+---------------------+
3 rows in set
obclient> SET session ob_trx_timeout=1000000000;
Query OK, 0 rows affected
obclient> SET session ob_trx_idle_timeout=120000000;
Query OK, 0 rows affected
obclient> BEGIN;
Query OK, 0 rows affected
obclient> UPDATE t_insert SET gmt_create=now() WHERE id=3;
Query OK, 1 row affected
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
obclient> SELECT now(), t.* FROM t_insert t;
+---------------------+----+------+-------+---------------------+
| now() | id | name | value | gmt_create |
+---------------------+----+------+-------+---------------------+
| 1970-01-01 16:55:30 | 1 | CN | NULL | 1970-01-01 16:54:49 |
| 1970-01-01 16:55:30 | 2 | UK | NULL | 1970-01-01 16:54:49 |
| 1970-01-01 16:55:30 | 3 | US | NULL | 1970-01-01 16:55:25 |
+---------------------+----+------+-------+---------------------+
3 rows in set
<<等 120 秒不操作>>
obclient> SELECT now(), t.* FROM t_insert t;
ERROR 6002 (25000): transaction needs rollback
obclient> RALLBACK;
Query OK, 0 rows affected
obclient> SELECT now(), * FROM t_insert t;
+---------------------+----+------+-------+---------------------+
| now() | id | name | value | gmt_create |
+---------------------+----+------+-------+---------------------+
| 1970-01-01 16:57:43 | 1 | CN | NULL | 1970-01-01 16:54:49 |
| 1970-01-01 16:57:43 | 2 | UK | NULL | 1970-01-01 16:54:49 |
| 1970-01-01 16:57:43 | 3 | US | NULL | 1970-01-01 16:54:49 |
+---------------------+----+------+-------+---------------------+
3 rows in set
事务未提交超时
OceanBase 的事务持续时间超过一段时间还没有提交，会报超时错误。此时会话需要明确发出 ROLLBACK 命令才可以继续在会话里执行 SQL。
会话事务的未提交超时时间阈值是由变量 ob_trx_timeout 控制。
说明
建议不要将事务未提交超时参数设置小于 1 秒。
示例 2： 先设置事务空闲超时时间为 120 秒，事务超时时间为 100 秒。当一个事务未提交时间持续到 100 秒时，事务内部状态就变为超时状态，同时锁会释放。此后会话需要显式发出 ROLLBACK 语句才能继续进行操作。
obclient> SET session ob_trx_timeout=100000000;
Query OK, 0 rows affected
obclient> SET session ob_trx_idle_timeout=120000000;
Query OK, 0 rows affected
obclient> BEGIN;
Query OK, 0 rows affected
obclient> UPDATE t_insert SEF gmt_create=sysdate() WHERE id=3;
Query OK, 1 row affected
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
obclient> SELECT now(), t.* FROM t_insert t ;
+---------------------+----+------+-------+---------------------+
| now() | id | name | value | gmt_create |
+---------------------+----+------+-------+---------------------+
| 1970-01-01 16:59:56 | 1 | CN | NULL | 1970-01-01 16:54:49 |
| 1970-01-01 16:59:56 | 2 | UK | NULL | 1970-01-01 16:54:49 |
| 1970-01-01 16:59:56 | 3 | US | NULL | 1970-01-01 16:59:51 |
+---------------------+----+------+-------+---------------------+
3 rows in set
<<等 100 秒不操作>>
obclient> SELECT now(), t.* FROM t_insert t ;
ERROR 4012 (25000): Transaction is timeout
obclient> COMMIT;
ERROR 4012 (25000): Transaction is timeout
obclient> ROLLBACK;
Query OK, 0 rows affected
obclient> SELECT now(), t.* FROM t_insert t ;
+---------------------+----+------+-------+---------------------+
| now() | id | name | value | gmt_create |
+---------------------+----+------+-------+---------------------+
| 1970-01-01 17:04:13 | 1 | CN | NULL | 1970-01-01 16:54:49 |
| 1970-01-01 17:04:13 | 2 | UK | NULL | 1970-01-01 16:54:49 |
| 1970-01-01 17:04:13 | 3 | US | NULL | 1970-01-01 16:54:49 |
+---------------------+----+------+-------+---------------------+
3 rows in set
