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UPDATE

更新时间：2026-04-10 11:58:35

描述

该语句用于修改表中的字段值。

语法

UPDATE [IGNORE] table_references
    SET update_asgn_list
    [WHERE where_condition]
    [ORDER BY order_list]
    [LIMIT row_count];

table_references:
    table_name [PARTITION (partition_name,...)] [, ...]

update_asgn_list:
    column_name = expr [, ...]

order_list:
    column_name [ASC|DESC] [, column_name [ASC|DESC]...]

参数解释

参数	描述
IGNORE	在 `INSERT` 语句执行过程中发生的错误将会被忽略。
table_references	指定修改表名，多表修改时，表名以逗号（,）分隔。
where_condition	指定过滤条件。
row_count	限制的行数。
table_name	插入表名。
partition_name	插入表指定的分区名。
column_name	列名。
ASC	按列名升序修改。
DESC	按列名降序修改。

说明

不管是多表还是单表更新都不支持直接对子查询进行更新值操作，否则会报错。示例如下：

obclient> UPDATE (SELECT * FROM T1) SET C1 = 100;
ERROR 1288 (HY000): The target table  of the UPDATE is not updatable

示例

创建示例表 t1 和 t2。

obclient> CREATE TABLE t1(c1 INT PRIMARY KEY, c2 INT);
Query OK, 0 rows affected
obclient> SELECT * FROM t1;
+----+------+
| c1 | c2   |
+----+------+
|  1 |    1 |
|  2 |    2 |
|  3 |    3 |
|  4 |    4 |
+----+------+
4 rows in set

obclient> CREATE TABLE t2(c1 INT PRIMARY KEY, c2 INT) PARTITION BY KEY(c1) PARTITIONS 4;
Query OK, 0 rows affected
obclient> SELECT * FROM t2;
+----+------+
| c1 | c2   |
+----+------+
|  5 |    5 |
|  1 |    1 |
|  2 |    2 |
|  3 |    3 |
+----+------+
4 rows in set

将表 t1 中 t1.c1=1 对应的那一行数据的 c2 列值修改为 100。

obclient> UPDATE t1 SET t1.c2 = 100 WHERE t1.c1 = 1;
Query OK, 1 row affected
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

obclient> SELECT * FROM t1;
+----+------+
| c1 | c2   |
+----+------+
|  1 |  100 |
|  2 |    2 |
|  3 |    3 |
|  4 |    4 |
+----+------+
4 rows in set

将表 t1 中按照 c2 列排序的前两行数据的 c2 列值修改为 100。

obclient> UPDATE t1 SET t1.c2 = 100 ORDER BY c2 LIMIT 2;
Query OK, 2 rows affected
Rows matched: 2  Changed: 2  Warnings: 0

obclient> SELECT * FROM t1;
+----+------+
| c1 | c2   |
+----+------+
|  1 |  100 |
|  2 |  100 |
|  3 |    3 |
|  4 |    4 |
+----+------+
4 rows in set

将表 t2 中 p2 分区的数据中 t2.c1 > 2 的对应行数据的 c2 列值修改为 100。

obclient> UPDATE t2 PARTITION(p2) SET t2.c2 = 100 WHERE t2.c1 > 2;
Query OK, 1 row affected
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

obclient> SELECT * FROM t2;
+----+------+
| c1 | c2   |
+----+------+
|  5 |    5 |
|  1 |    1 |
|  2 |    2 |
|  3 |  100 |
+----+------+
4 rows in set

修改多个表，将 t1 表和 t2 表中满足t1.c1 = t2.c1 对应行的数据 t1 表中的 c2 列值修改为 100，t2 表中的 c2 列值修改为 200。

obclient> UPDATE t1,t2 SET t1.c2 = 100, t2.c2 = 200 WHERE t1.c2 = t2.c2;
Query OK, 6 rows affected
Rows matched: 6  Changed: 6  Warnings: 0

obclient> SELECT * FROM t1;
+----+------+
| c1 | c2   |
+----+------+
|  1 |  100 |
|  2 |  100 |
|  3 |  100 |
|  4 |    4 |
+----+------+
4 rows in set

obclient> SELECT * FROM t2;
+----+------+
| c1 | c2   |
+----+------+
|  5 |    5 |
|  1 |  200 |
|  2 |  200 |
|  3 |  200 |
+----+------+
4 rows in set

修改多个表。修改 t1 表和 t2 表的 p2 分区中满足 t1.c1 = t2.c1 对应行的数据 t1 表中的 c2 列值修改为 100，t2 表中的 c2 列值修改为 200。

obclient> UPDATE t1,t2 PARTITION(p2) SET t1.c2 = 100, t2.c2 = 200 WHERE t1.c2 = t2.c2;
Query OK, 6 rows affected
Rows matched: 6  Changed: 6  Warnings: 0

obclient> SELECT * FROM t1;
+----+------+
| c1 | c2   |
+----+------+
|  1 |  100 |
|  2 |  100 |
|  3 |  100 |
|  4 |    4 |
+----+------+
4 rows in set

obclient> SELECT * FROM t2;
+----+------+
| c1 | c2   |
+----+------+
|  5 |    5 |
|  1 |  200 |
|  2 |  200 |
|  3 |  200 |
+----+------+
4 rows in set

对可更新视图 v 进行更新值。

obclient> CREATE VIEW v AS SELECT * FROM t1;
Query OK, 0 rows affected

obclient> UPDATE v SET v.c2 = 100 WHERE v.c1 = 1;
Query OK, 1 row affected
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0

obclient> SELECT * FROM v;
+----+------+
| c1 | c2   |
+----+------+
|  1 |  100 |
|  2 |    2 |
|  3 |    3 |
|  4 |    4 |
+----+------+
4 rows in set